Moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor for. Download table keydesign parameters of very high temperature reactor. Group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. This reactor design envisions an outlet temperature of c. The basic design of pebblebed reactors features spherical fuel elements called pebbles. Physics of hightemperature reactors 1st edition elsevier. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. Consequently, a detailed design of a fluidized bed reactor that would allow flexible operation at high temperature and high pressure at several gas velocities will be conducted in order to serve for the future development of new hydrodynamic models. The steam generator, the reactor and the blowers are all in the same reactor pressure vessel. Nuclear energy for high temperature process heat applications. Also, the coolant only boils at a very high temperature, so unlike water, it wont evaporate even if the pumps stop working. Very high temperature reactor vhtr among the 6 candidates of the gen iv nuclear systems in the technical roadmap of gen iv international forum gif, the very high temperature reactor vhtr is primarily dedicated to the cogeneration of electricity and hydrogen, the latter being extracted from water by using thermochemical, electrochemical or hybrid processes.
Modular hightemperature gascooled reactor power plant kurt. Irrespective of reactor type, the uranium dioxide uo 2 in the form of rod or pallet is commonly used as nuclear fuel. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read nuclear reactor design. The vhtr is a type of high temperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. The vhtr offers two advantages to modern day generation iii reactor designs.
The very high temperature reactor vhtr, or high temperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. Handbook of generation iv nuclear reactors 1st edition. Design of water gas shift converter posted in student. Development of hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, also known as very hightemperature gascooled reactor vhtr for its generation iv designs. Temperature conditions ph value milieu retention time time to act. It is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron spectrum.
Apr 18, 2015 group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Very high temperature reactor presented by taher, md iktiham bin 15983781 khan, md rabiul islam 15982791 islam, kazi rashedul 15984751 2. The purpose of this report is to identify the materials research and development needs for the vhtr. The moltensaltcooled advanced high temperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature 750 to ec heat to enable efficient lowcost 1 thermochemical production of hydrogen h2 or 2 production of electricity. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. Plutonium, thorium, including deep burn cycles with lwr spent fuel.
They are very different levenspiel introduces a conceptual overview and. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. Full order books more realistic than for big reactors. The very high temperature reactor is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphite moderated nuclear reactor with a once through uranium fuel cycle. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems parr.
Physics of high temperature reactors focuses on the physics of high temperature reactors htrs and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron crosssections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption. Keydesign parameters of very high temperature reactor vhtr. This chapter describes the high temperature reactor core. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems posted on may 16, 2011 september 26, 2011 parrs customizable reactors and pressure vessels can be designed for up to 5,000 psi and temperatures to 500 c. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect topics. Design of water gas shift converter student cheresources. Differences between thermal reactor and fast reactor. Second, national development plans for a sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr and a very high temperature reactor vhtr are explained. Sanitary biogas systems are efficient, hygienic and ecologically sound wastewater treatment. A critical step in developing new very high temperature reactors vhtr is certifying the graphite that is. Provides readers with a thorough understanding of hightemperature reactor, their. Experts call reactor design immune to disaster the new. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. Jun 11, 2014 nuclear reactor design ebook written by yoshiaki oka.
Chain reaction is very much desired to continue heat generation irrespective of the type of reactor. The status of high temperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors there are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature. Basic objectives in design of a reactor in chemical engineering physical operations such as fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and separation processes play a very large part. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect. What is the best book to study the reactor design, foglar or. It is designed to 1 increase revenue relative to baseload nuclear. Nov 15, 1988 in the united states, a large high temperature, gascooled reactor, rated at 330 megawatts, has operated for years in fort st. In this study, the optimum size of the compact heat exchanger has been developed based on its weight and pumping power for the reference design of 600 mwt very high temperature gascooled reactor. The pebble bed reactor pbr design consists of fuel in the form of pebbles, stacked. Besonders wertvoll ist hochtemperaturwarme c, deren erzeugung mit very high temperature reactors vht angedacht ist. The temperature limitations of conventional reactors impose a low thermal efficiency, use of special turbines, and consequently cause higher fuel consumption and thermal pollution of the environment.
Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. Nuclear fuels for very high temperature applications. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book begins with a general description of the htr core as. If temperature grows too high, the temperature melts a plug that otherwise keeps the molten salt inside the reactor allowing it to drain into an area that disperses the fuel and quenches fission. First, the current status of nuclear power in korea is described, regarding energy mix, national energy basic plan, a small modular reactor of smart, and generation iv reactors. The very high temperature reactor marks the next evolutionary step in reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% thermal efficiency, and producing cleanburning hydrogen via carbonfree processes.
Uasbaf able to retain very high concentration of active biomass in the reactor. The korean atomic energy research institute kaeri has submitted a very high temperature reactor vhtr design to the generation iv international forum. In the united states, a large hightemperature, gascooled reactor, rated at 330 megawatts, has operated for years in fort st. The rate of reaction is strongly influenced by pressure, the relative velocity of wood on the heat exchange surface and the reactor surface temperature. Jan 22, 2015 resurrecting a meltdownproof reactor design. The stepsister reactor of the msr is the fluoride cooled high temperature reactor fhr. Part 6 high temperature gas cooled reactors daryanenergyblog. High pressure of particle on hot reactor wall, achieved due to centrifugal force or mechanically. In any manufacturing process where there is a chemical change. Very high temperature reactor vhtr energy independence. Prototype htgrs have already been built and operated in the uk, germany and the us. Thermal hydraulics prediction study for an ultra high. The pebblebed reactor pbr is a design for a graphitemoderated, gascooled nuclear reactor. Purchase physics of hightemperature reactors 1st edition.
Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic. Veryhightemperature reactor vhtr inl team helps pave way to generation iv reactor fourth generation nuclear reactors, the nuclear power plants of tomorrow, will provide safer, less expensive and more environmentally friendly energy. This paper provides an initial description and technical analysis of its key features. This publication is a book with editorship by the joint research centre jrc, the. Featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2 and 3phase reaction systems, including bubble columns, slurry. Chemical reactor design and control uses process simulators like matlab, aspen plus, and aspen dynamics to study the design of chemical reactors and their dynamic control. Resurrecting a meltdownproof reactor design mit technology.
Advancedhigh temperature reactor an overview sciencedirect. The key features of ablative pyrolysis are therefore as follows. These reactors have solid fuel in the form of triso particles like the high temperature gascooled reactor, but rather than pumping high pressure helium coolant through, they pump lowpressure liquid salt usually flibe through. To do this, we focused on the plant design described in section 2, which is similar to the gtmhr plant design 850c core outlet temperature. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. The very high temperature reactor stanford university. The high temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor core. Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic treatment systems. Nuclear performance data needed for design are sparse for all candidate fuel forms in this temperature range, especially at the higher temperatures. The fluoridesaltcooled high temperature reactor fhr with a nuclear airbrayton combined cycle nacc and firebrick resistance heated energy storage fires is a new reactor concept. Fuel is very robust with no failures anticipated during irradiation and under accident conditions. The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. Physics of hightemperature reactors focuses on the physics of hightemperature reactors htrs and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron crosssections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption.
Reactor activity is negatively related to temperature. It is a type of very high temperature reactor vhtr, one of the six classes of nuclear reactors in the generation iv initiative. There are numerous books that focus on steadystate reactor design. Evaporation suppression, such as a sealed cladding, is required for either fuel base. The book is intended for researchers and engineers involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology.
Nowadays, very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr design studies and utilization studies are investigated energetically in the some international conference, especially in the icone20 conference allelein, 2012, iwatsuki, 2012, sato, 2012. What is the best book to study the reactor design, foglar or levenspiel. Handbook of generation iv nuclear reactors sciencedirect. Very high temperature reactor academic dictionaries and. Difference between thermal reactor and fast reactor. Candidate fuel materials for this temperature range are based on uo 2 or uranium carbides. There are no books that consider practical control systems for real industrial reactors. The technologies include very high temperature reactors vhtrs, see e. Figure 1, which are high temperature gascooled reactors htgrs that are amenable in principle to many applications in cogeneration.
115 828 1538 1554 1374 1088 358 1129 925 880 1142 1253 407 181 544 336 599 949 1483 625 1577 238 86 1234 1543 1545 1022 1424 1508 1548 503 1279 1113 962 531 1436 1320 819 602 113 1289 716 445 1095 810